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2019年11月CATTI三笔真题·实务

英译汉passage 1

In today’s interconnected world, culture’s power to transform societies is clear. Its diverse manifestations - from our cherished historic monuments and museums to traditional practices and contemporary art forms - enrich our everyday lives in countless ways. Heritage constitutes a source of identity and cohesion for communities disrupted by bewildering change and economic instability. Creativity contributes to building open, inclusive and pluralistic societies. Both heritage and creativity lay the foundations for vibrant, innovative and prosperous knowledge societies.
在如今这个彼此紧密联系的世界，文化对社会的塑造能力显而易见。从宝贵的历史遗迹和博物馆，到形形色色的传统习俗和现代艺术形式，文化的表现形式丰富多样，以各种方式将我们的日常生活装扮得缤纷多彩。文化传承构成了身份认同与社区凝聚力的来源，但同时又受到种种令人困惑的变化与经济动荡的冲击。创意有助于构建兼容并蓄，丰富多元的社会。文化传承与创意一道，为充满活力、不断创新、繁荣昌盛的知识社会打下坚实基础。

Culture is who we are and what shapes our identity. In September 2015 the United Nations General Assembly adopted the sustainable goals. UNESCO ensures that the role of culture is recognized through a majority of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including those focusing on quality education, sustainable cities, the environment, economic growth, sustainable consumption and production patterns, peaceful and inclusive societies, gender equality and food security.
文化决定了我们是谁，赋予了我们身份。2015年9月，联合国大会通过了可持续发展的目标。联合国教科文组织确保通过大量可持续发展目标来确立文化的作用，包括重视优质教育、可持续城市、环境、经济发展、可持续的消费与生产模式、和平包容的社会、性别平等、食品安全等项目。

No development can be sustainable without a strong culture component. Indeed only a human-centered approach to development based on mutual respect and open dialogue among cultures can lead to lasting, inclusive and equitable results. Yet until recently, culture has been missing from the development strategy.
缺少强大的文化要素，任何发展都会变得难以为继。事实上，只有采取以人为本，以文化间的相互尊重与开放对话为基础的发展路线，才能取得可靠持久、兼容并蓄、公平公正的美好成果。然而之前的发展战略却缺少了文化的身影。

To ensure that culture takes its rightful place in development strategies and processes, UNESCO has adopted an approach: it spearheads worldwide advocacy for culture and development, while engaging with the international community to set clear policies and legal frameworks and working on the ground to support governments and local stakeholders to safeguard heritage, strengthen creative industries and encourage cultural pluralism.
为了确保文化在发展战略与过程中的应有地位，联合国教科文组织采取了这样的工作方法：带头在全球展开宣传，提倡文化与发展，与国际社会合作，制定明确政策，树立法律框架，从基层做起，支持政府与本地利益相关方守护文化传承、巩固创意行业、提倡多元文化。

Today, creativity is emerging as one of the most promising ways for changing how we see cities. Whether by revitalizing the local economy, rethinking transport or housing policies, reclaiming urban spaces, or opening up new horizons for young people, creativity is one of the driving forces behind urban policies and initiatives. Cities worldwide are focusing their attention on the cultural and creative industries as an inspiration for their future. This vision is promoted by elected representatives and city policy-makers, who see it as a strategic lever for innovation when it comes to tackling contemporary urban issues, whether on an economic, social or environmental front. More importantly, however, it is a vision shared by professionals and citizens, who are taking action in their own neighborhoods and communities to build more sustainable and more human cities.
今天，创意已然成为一种最有希望的途径，有助于改变我们看待城市的方式。无论重振地方经济，重新思考交通或住房政策，重新开发城市空间，还是为年轻人开拓全新眼界，创意都是城市政策与举措的一大推进动力。全球各地的城市都在关注文化与创意行业，并将其作为未来的启示。各地当选代表与城市决策者也纷纷支持这一愿景，在战略层面上将创意视为解决经济、社会、环境等现代城市问题的创新途径。更重要的是，这是专业人士与普通市民的共同愿景，他们从自己所在的社区和街道做起，共同建设更可持续、更人性化的城市。

This vision of creative urban governance is the driving force behind the UNESCO Creative Cities Programme and Network（联合国教科文组织创意城市网络）. Since its creation in 2004, the Network has established itself as a strategic platform for promoting and sharing this new approach to sustainable cities. Through its standard-setting and operational actions, UNESCO has paved the way for demonstrating the essential role of creativity in urban sustainability, assisting national and local authorities and advocating this vision at an international level.
创新城市管理的愿景推动着联合国教科文组织创意城市网络的发展，自2004年创立以来，创意城市网络已经成为促进和推广这一可持续发展城市新路线的战略平台。联合国教科文组织通过设定标准的实际操作，在城市可持续性方面展示了创意的关键作用，协助国家政府与地方机构在国际层面推广这项愿景。

Culture and creativity play a key role in sustainable urban development. They contribute to diversifying the economy and generating jobs but they also enhance the quality of life of citizens by participating to a city’s social structure and cultural diversity.
文化与创意在城市可持续发展方面发挥着关键作用，不但有助于实现经济多元发展，创造工作岗位，还能通过参与建设城市的社会结构与文化多样性，改善市民生活质量。

汉译英passage 1

作为中国浙江省省会城市，杭州是中国著名历史文化名城。距今约5300多年的良渚文化遗址（位于杭州余杭区）是中华文明发祥地之一。
As the capital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou is a famous historical and cultural city in China. In the same city, the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City (located in Yuhang District), dating back to about 5,300 years ago, is one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization.

杭州以美丽的山水著称于世。中国古代谚语“上有天堂，下有苏杭”表达出古往今来人们对于这座美丽城市的由衷喜爱。位于杭州西南的西湖，以其秀丽的湖光山色和众多名胜古迹而成为闻名中外的旅游胜城，2011年被正式列入《世界遗产名录》。此外，气势浩荡的钱江大潮，每年吸引无数游客。
Hangzhou is globally famous for its beautiful landscape. “Up above there is Paradise, down here there are Suzhou and Hangzhou”. People’ sincere love for the beautiful city throughout history is embodied in this ancient Chinese proverb. The West Lake in the southwest of Hangzhou, with its beautiful scenery of lakes and mountains and numerous historical sites, is a world-renowned tourist attraction. It was officially included into the World Heritage List in 2011. In addition, the surging and mighty Qiantang River Tide also attracts countless visitors every year.

杭州拥有丰富的历史文化遗迹。南起杭州，北到北京的京杭大运河始建于1631年，全长约1797公里，是世界上最长、最古老的人工水道。2014年6月22日，京杭大运河正式入选《世界遗产名录》。
Hangzhou boasts abundant historical sites and cultural relics. For example, the Grand Canal extending from Hangzhou in the south to Beijing in the north was first built in 1631. With a total length of about 1,797 km, it is the longest and oldest artificial waterway in the world. On June 22, 2014, the Grand Canal was officially selected into the World Heritage List.

在世界上，杭州也颇具有知名度。13世纪，意大利著名旅行家马可·波罗（Marco Polo）在游记中赞叹杭州为“世界上最美丽之城”。2011年，杭州曾被美国《纽约时报》评为全球41个旅游城市之一，被联合国评为“国际花园城市”。
Hangzhou also enjoys a high reputation around the world. In the 13th century, the famous Italian traveler Marco Polo praised Hangzhou as “the most beautiful city in the world” in his travels. In 2011, Hangzhou was named as one of the 41 Global Destination Cities by the New York Times and was also selected as an “International Garden City” by the United Nations.

杭州还曾在中美建交过程中扮演重要角色，2015年1月，中国提出发展“旅游外交”。杭州作为著名旅游城市，又率先实践“旅游外交”。
The city also played a significant role in the establishment of Sino-US diplomatic relations. In January 2015, China proposed to develop the “tourism diplomacy”. As a famous tourism city, Hangzhou took the lead again in practicing the diplomacy.

2019年11月CATTI二笔真题·实务

英译汉passage 1

Where there is financial connection, we see that rapid improvements in quality of life can quickly follow. In modern world, there are several important channels to achieving this greater financial connectivity. I want to highlight two today(原文这里为被动):increased capital mobility and increased financial inclusion.
金融关联所到之处，生活质量就会迅速提升。现代社会为实现这种更大程度的金融连通性提供了多种重要渠道。今天，我想要强调其中两个渠道：提升资本流动性和金融包容性。

First, enabling capital to flow more freely. Allowing capital to flow across borders can help support inclusive growth. Right now, foreign direct investment is only 1.9 percent of GDP in developing countries. Before the global financial crisis, it was at 2.5 percent. Making progress on major infrastructure needs will require capital flows to rise again and to be managed safely. Greater openness to capital flows can also bring down the cost of finance, improve the efficiency of the financial sector, and allow capital to support productive investments and new jobs.
第一个渠道是促进资本更加自由地流动。允许资本跨境流动有助于推动包容性增长。目前，发展中国家的外国直接投资仅占GDP的1.9％。而在全球金融危机爆发之前，这一数字是2.5％。要推动大型基础设施需求，就必须让资本流动再次活跃起来，并配套安全的流动管制。提升资本流动的开放性可降低金融成本，提升金融部门效率，让资本支持生产性投资，创造就业机会。

Second, we also need increased financial inclusion. Challenges come with opening up capital markets. Thankfully, we know from experience the elements that are required for success. These include sound financial regulation, transparent rules for investment, and attention to fiscal sustainability. A few numbers: close to half of the adult population in low and middle-income Asia-Pacific economies do not have a bank account. Less than 10 percent have ever borrowed from a financial institution. And yet, we know that closing the finance gap is an “economic must-have” for nations to thrive in the 21st century. IMF analysis shows that if the least financially inclusive countries in Asia narrowed the finance gap to the level of Thailand, the poverty rate in those countries could be reduced by nearly 4 percent. How can we get there? In part, through policies that enable more women and rural citizens to access financial services. The financial gender gap for women in developing countries is about 9 percent and has remained largely unchanged since 2011.
第二个渠道是加强金融包容性。开放资本市场带来了一系列挑战。所幸我们从经验中了解到了成功应对挑战的必备要素，包括完善的金融管控、透明的投资规则、对财政可持续性的关注。我们来看一组数字：在中低收入的亚太国家，将近一半的成年人没有银行账户，不足10％的人有向金融机构借贷的经历。但我们知道，弥合金融缺口是21世纪实现国家繁荣“必不可少的经济举措”。国际货币基金组织的分析显示，如果金融包容性最差的亚洲各国能够缩小金融缺口，并达到泰国的水平，这些国家的贫困率将减少近4％。如何做到这点？部分可通过各种政策让女性和农村人口获得金融服务。发展中国家女性的金融性别缺口大约为9％，这种情况自2011年起就基本维持不变。

There is no quick fix, but we know that Fintech can play a catalyzing role. In Cambodia, for example, strong public-private partnerships in supporting mobile finance has led to a tripling in the number of micro-financial institutions since 2011. These institutions have now provided loans to over 2 million new borrowers, representing nearly 20 percent of the adult population. Many of these citizens had never had a bank account. Now they can save for the future and perhaps even start a business of their own.
解决这个问题当然不能一蹴而就，但我们知道，金融科技可以起到催化作用。以柬埔寨为例，为支持移动金融发展，该国推出了多项有力的公私合营项目，因此，微型金融机构的数量自2011年以来增加了两倍。这些机构为200多万公民提供贷款服务，这一人数几近柬埔寨成年人口的20％。许多公民之前从未有过银行账户。现在，他们可以攒钱为将来做打算，甚至可以自己做点生意。

These are ideas that can work everywhere. But countries have to be willing to partner and learn from each other. The IMF and World Bank launched the Bali Fintech Agenda last October. The agenda lays out key principles - from developing financial markets to safeguarding financial integrity - that can help each nation as it strives for greater financial inclusion.
这些做法在哪里都适用。但是世界各国必须愿意互相合作与学习。去年十月，国际货币基金组织和世界银行联合发布了《巴厘岛金融科技纲领》（Bali Fintech Agenda），该纲领制定了若干关键原则，从发展金融市场，到维护金融健全性，不一而足，可在各国努力提升金融包容性的过程中提供协助。

英译汉passage 2

NASA is going to pretend a deadly asteroid is on its way, to practise for a real one.
美国国家航空航天局打算开展一场模拟小行星来袭的灾难应急演练。

The “tabletop exercise” will allow the space agency and the other government organizations that will be tasked with responding to such an event to simulate their response, ahead of the possibility of a real example.
在这次“桌面演练”中，航空局和其他政府机关将进行一场模拟应急演练，其任务是对类似事件做出响应，以便做到未雨绸缪，防患于未然。

The scenario will see a very realistic but nonetheless fictional disaster, in which an asteroid will be headed for Earth. The scenario has been developed by one of the NASA organisations tasked with studying such near-earth objects, or NEOs.
虽然是模拟演习，但虚构的小行星直冲地球的灾难场景非常逼真。该场景由美国国家航空航天局下辖的一家专门研究近地物体（NEO）的机构负责开发。

It will bring together not just NASA but other international organisations to test out their response. Such exercises are used across the disaster response sector to ensure that the real responses are as fast and effective as possible.
接受应急演练考验的不止是美国国家航空航天局，还有其他国际机构。这样的演练将普遍用于抗灾部门，确保真刀真枪的应急措施能尽可能迅速有效地得到落实。

“These exercises have really helped us in the planetary defense community to understand what our colleagues on the disaster management side need to know,” said Lindley Johnson, NASA’s Planetary Defense Officer. “This exercise will help us develop more effective communications with each other and with our governments.”
美国国家航空航天局的行星防御官员林德利·约翰逊（Lindley Johnson）表示：“在行星防御领域，这样的演练能够切实帮助负责灾难管理的同事了解他们需要知道的内容，有助于我们彼此之间以及及与政府部门进行更加有效地沟通。”

NASA and other organisations have spent more than 20 years scanning the skies for NEOs, looking for asteroids and comets that come within 30 million miles of Earth s orbit. Groups such as NASA s Planetary Defense Coordination Office (PDCO) as well as the European Space Agency s Space Situational Awareness-NEO Segment and the International Asteroid Warning Network (IAWN) have been working to better communicate the danger that such objects pose to Earth.
二十多年来，美国国家航空航天局及其他众多机构一直在扫描天空中的近地天体，搜寻距离地球轨道3000万英里范围之内的小行星与彗星。美国国家航空航天局的行星防御协调办公室（PDCO）、欧洲航天局空间态势感知近地天体部门、国际小行星预警网（IAWN）正携手努力改进沟通方式，传达此类物体对地球造成的危险。

There is no strict script in such an exercise. Instead, it will be used to test out how NEO observers, space agency officials, emergency managers, decision makers and citizens would respond to the threat of an impact.
这类演习没有严格脚本，目的是考验观测人员、航空局官员、应急管理人员、决策人员与广大市民对天体撞击威胁的应对方式。

Those taking part will discuss possible preparations: how they would explore the asteroid, work out the best ways of deflecting it and dealing with its impact effects.
参与人员将共同探讨可能的防备工作：如何探知小行星，找出使其偏离航向与应对撞击影响的最优方案。

NASA has already participated in such exercises, working on some with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Those exercises brought representatives from a variety of different federal agencies, including the departments of Defense and State.
美国国家航空航天局曾参与过此类演习，与联邦应急管理局（FEMA）也举行过合作演练。包括国防部和国务院部门在内的各联邦机构均派出代表参与此类演习。

Previous exercises showed that the focus of emergency management officials was not on scientific details. Instead, they just want to know when, where and how an asteroid will hit the Earth, as well as what sort of damage is done, according to FEMA.
联邦应急管理局表示，之前的演习表明，应急管理官员的关注重点并非科学细节，而只是想了解小行星在何时、何处、以何种方式撞上地球，以及会产生怎样的破坏影响。

NASA continues to work on that science, however, in an attempt to better improve humanity s ability to predict the exact location and effects of any impact.
不过，美国国家航空航天局将继续开展这方面的科学研究，努力提升人类精确预知撞击地点与撞击影响的能力。

“NASA and FEMA will continue to conduct periodic exercises with a continually widening community of US government agencies and international partners,” said Leviticus Lewis of the Response Operations Division for FEMA. “They are a great way for us to learn how to work together and meet each other s needs and the objectives laid out in the White House National NEO Preparedness Action Plan.”
联邦应急管理局响应行动部的工作人员勒维提克斯·刘易斯（Leviticus Lewis）表示：“美国国家航空航天局与联邦应急管理局将继续携手，与越来越多的美国政府机构与国际伙伴定期开展演练。这是我们学习如何协作并满足彼此需求，实现白宫国家近地天体防备行动计划目标的最佳方式。”

汉译英passage 1

新中国成立70年来，中国的人权事业取得了举世瞩目的成就。
Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China 70 years ago, the country has seen remarkable achievements in its human rights.

1949年新中国成立前，中国的人均GDP仅达27美元，人均预期寿命35岁，人均受教育年限不到一年，约90%的中国人民是文盲；战乱仍频，人民生活在苦难之中。
Before the founding of the new China in 1949, the country’s per capita GDP was only USD 27, with average life expectancy being 35 years. The Chinese people received less than one-year schooling on average, with about 90% being illiterate. Moreover, people suffered frequent wars and lived in misery.

现在，中国已成为世界第二大经济体，人民安居乐业，人均预期寿命由35岁增长到77岁。中国已基本建立起保障公民权利的法律和政策体系。
China has now become the world’s second largest economy, where people live and work in peace and contentment and have their life expectancy increased from 35 to 77 years. A legal and policy system has also been established in China to protect its citizens’ rights.

中国把“尊重和保障人权”写进了宪法，社会和谐发展的水平得到了显著提升。中国支持保障公民生存权和发展权，反对忽视经济、社会、文化权利的趋势，主张促进这两种权利的平衡保障，以发展促人权、消除贫困，中国的人权原则已得到国际的广泛支持。
“Respecting and protecting human rights” has been included into the Constitution of China, which significantly promoted the harmonious development of the Chinese society. The Chinese government supports the protection of civil rights to subsistence and development, opposes the tendency to ignore economic, social and cultural rights, advocates the balanced protection between both civil rights, and promotes human rights and eliminates poverty through development. China’s principles of human rights have received extensive support in the international community.

中国认真履行国际人权义务，加入了包括6项核心人权公约在内的26项国际人权公约。中国广泛开展国际人权交流合作，同20多个国家开展人权对话和磋商，同联合国人权机制保持建设性交流。
China has earnestly fulfilled its international obligations of human rights by acceding to 26 international treaties on human rights, including 6 core treaties. The country has carried out extensive exchanges and cooperation on human rights internationally by initiating dialogs and consultations with more than 20 countries and maintaining constructive communication with UN human rights mechanisms.

汉译英passage 2

中国幅员辽阔，在漫长的历史发展进程中，逐步形成了各地丰富多彩、极具特色的传统民居建筑形式。
A variety of traditional residential architecture styles with distinctive local characteristics have been gradually formed in China’s vast territory during the long history.

2005年，建筑专业的毛葛开始进行传统民居的研究工作，在见识过各种各样的传统民居后，她感受到传统民居具有鲜明的地域特色，每座都是工匠们忘我劳动的结果。从中，她也看到了中国人对自己生活的深深热爱。
In 2005, Mao Ge, majoring in architecture, started her researches on traditional dwellings. After visiting lots of traditional dwelling houses of all kinds, she found that these houses had distinct geographical characteristics and each of them was the fruit of the builders’ hard labor. Besides, she also felt the profound passion of the Chinese people for their lives.

80年代城镇化进程加快以来，中国的传统民居建筑正在大量消失，伴随而来的还有对传统建筑技艺、传统建筑工具以及相关建筑知识的冷落。
Since the acceleration of the urbanization in the 1980s, traditional Chinese residential architecture has been disappearing in large numbers, accompanied by the neglect of traditional architectural techniques, traditional construction tools and related architectural knowledge.

作为看漫画长大的80后一代，热爱传统民居建筑的毛葛想到了通过漫画形式向人们介绍传统民居，希望让更多人看到传统民居建筑的美并加入到保护传统民居的行列，引起更多人尤其是年轻人对这一学科的兴趣。
As one of the post-80s generation who has grown up with comics, Mao Ge, a lover of traditional residential architecture, wants to introduce it to the public through comics. She hopes to unveil the beauty of traditional residential architecture to more people and attract them to protect these dwellings and arouse the interests in architecture among more people, especially young people.

她以简单有趣的漫画形式、通俗易懂的文字创作了面向年轻大众的漫画。
She creates comics for young people using simple and fun designs and easy-to-understand words.